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Spectradyne Library

A collection of Journal Articles, Application Notes, and videos featuring Spectradyne’s powerful technologies.

Table of contents

Application highlights

Liposomes & lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)


Application Note: Quantifying mRNA Lipid Nanoparticle Payloads using the ARC Particle Analyzer

Application Note: Quantifying Lipid Nanoparticle Payload using the ARC Particle Analyzer

Webinar 6: SelectBio/Spectradyne Webinar: Lipid Nanoparticle Characterization

ARC Application Highlight: This video shows how Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) are analyzed in ARC to produce a particle size distribution, measure concentration and identify the subpopulation of LNPs that are loaded with RNA by measuring fluorescence when stained with SYBR Gold.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs)


Application note: Quantifying Immunostained Extracellular Vesicles with Spectradyne’s ARC Particle Analyzer
Provides a discussion of how Spectradyne’s ARC can characterize an immunostained EV subpopulation in solution. (Spectradyne LLC, 2023)

Application note: Spectradyne’s nCS1: Fast and accurate quantification of extracellular vesicles.
Provides a discussion of how Spectradyne’s nCS1 can provide fast and accurate measurements of EVs in solution. (Spectradyne LLC, 2019)

Application note: Analysis of extracellular vesicles using the nCS1TM.
Describes the measurements that can be made to characterize extracellular vesicles using Spectradyne’s nanoparticle analysis instrumentation. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Poster: Microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) measurements of EVs and EV standards
2019 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (Kyoto Japan)

Poster: The importance of orthogonal techniques in EV quantification
2019 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (Kyoto Japan)

Poster: Analysis of exosome concentration in blastocyst culture media by Microfluidic Resistive Pulse Sensing (MRPSTM) correlates with embryo implantation capacity: A pilot study
2018 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles ISEV2018 (Barcelona Spain)

Poster: Where’s my Peak? Separating Truth from Fiction in Label-Free Measurements of EVs
2018 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles ISEV2018 (Barcelona Spain)

Webinar 4: SelectBio/Spectradyne Webinar: When Every Extracellular Vesicle Counts

Spectradyne Videos: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes: Diagnostics, delivery, therapeutics (a presentation at Circulating Biomarkers 2021)

ARC Application Highlight: This video shows how extracellular vesicles (EV’s) are analyzed in ARC to produce a particle size distribution, measure concentration and identify a subpopulation that is CD-81 positive using fluorescence.

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Virus


Spectradyne’s ARC: Quantifying internal virus cargo in complex samples
Provides an example of using the ARC to quantify encapsulated nanoparticle payloads (in virus), measured in the presence and absence of extracellular vesicles. (Spectradyne LLC, 2023)

Application note: Virus titer measurements with Spectradyne’s nCS1.
Spectradyne’s microfluidic instrumentation provides simple and direct measurements of virus titer. (Spectradyne LLC, 2022)

Application note: Measurement of biological nanoparticles: Direct quantification of bacteriophage.
Shows how Spectradyne’s microfluidic instrumentation enables the detection and size analysis of individual virus. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Spectradyne Videos: Spectradyne presents at ISEV Infectious Diseases 2021: Rapid viral titer using MRPS

Webinar 5: SelectBio/Spectradyne Webinar: Fast and accurate virus quantification including SARS-COV-2

ARC Application Highlight: This video shows how Inactive Human Adenovirus 5, in a high background of other, non-viral particles is analyzed in ARC to produce a particle size distribution, measure concentration and identify the subpopulation of overall particles that are whole viral particles loaded with RNA by measuring fluorescence when stained with SYBR Gold. This yields a rapid live virus titer in minutes, not hours or days!

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Gene therapy & nanomedicine


Spectradyne’s ARC: Quantifying internal cargo in complex samples
Provides an example of using the ARC to quantify encapsulated nanoparticle payloads (in virus), measured in the presence and absence of extracellular vesicles, yielding an excellent application to nanomedicine. (Spectradyne LLC, 2023)

Application note: Gene therapy and nanomedicine applications for Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.
Spectradyne’s nCS1 provides accurate quantification of gene therapy vectors and nanomedicines, critical at all stages of research and product development, using only 3 microliters of analyte. (Spectradyne LLC, 2019)

Application note: Nanomedicine and synthetic particles for targeted drug delivery.
Applications of the Spectradyne nCS1TM to the measurement of synthetic nanoparticles to nanomedicine. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Poster: Validation of the resistive pulse sensing method for characterizing nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery
2016 International Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Symposium (Baltimore MD)

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Protein aggregates


Application note: Early detection of protein aggregates with the nCS1TM.
Spectradyne’s nCS1TM provides an early warning system for protein aggregation through its ability to detect small protein aggregates.(Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

Application note: Nanoparticle analysis of protein aggregates in biologics.
Shows how Spectradyne’s technology can be used to detect protein aggregation in medicine and biology. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Poster: Submicron protein aggregation measurements for early assessment of formulation instability
2020 PepTalk – the Protein Science Week (San Diego CA)

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Nanoparticles


Application note: Spectradyne’s nanoparticle analyzer technology.
Provides an overview description of how Spectradyne’s unique microfluidic technology is applied to nanoparticle analysis. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Application note: Nanoparticle measurements of arbitrarily polydisperse mixtures.
Shows how Spectradyne’s technology yields accurate measurements of broad particle distributions, unlike optically-based techniques. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Application note: Measurement of all nanoparticle material types.
Discusses how Spectradyne’s technology yields materials-independent measurements of nanoparticles made of gold, polystyrene, or other organic and inorganic materials. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Poster: Simulation of label-free PK evaluation of nanoparticles in complex media
2019 Applied Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (Boston MA)

Poster: Where’s my peak? Separating truth from fiction in measurements of nanoparticles
2018 Colorado Protein Stability Workshop (Breckenridge CO)

Poster: High resolution size and concentration analysis of polydisperse nanoparticle mixtures
2015 American Chemical Society National Meeting (Boston MA)

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Complete collection



Refereed journal articles


Rare intercellular material transfer as a confound to interpreting inner retinal neuronal transplantation following internal limiting membrane disruption.

Zhang, K. Y. et al., Stem Cell Reports (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.09.005

Removal and identification of external protein corona members from RBC‐derived extracellular vesicles by surface manipulating antimicrobial peptides.

Singh, P. et al., J of Extracellular Bio 2, e78 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/jex2.78

Colocalization of Cancer Associated Biomarkers on Single Extracellular Vesicles for Early Cancer Detection.

Salem, D. P. et al., bioRxiv 2023–02 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.07.527360

Identification of a Novel Small Molecule That Enhances the Release of Extracellular Vesicles with Immunostimulatory Potency via Induction of Calcium Influx.

Sako, Y. et al., ACS Chem. Biol. 18, 982–993 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.3c00134

Single Extracellular Vesicle Nanoscopy.

Saftics, A. et al., J of Extracellular Vesicle 12, 12346 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12346

The multiple functions of miR-574-5p in the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment.

Proestler, E. et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology 14, (2023). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1183720

Viral Immune signatures from cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicles and particles in HAM and other chronic neurological diseases.

Pleet, M. L. et al. Frontiers in Immunology 14, (2023). https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235791

When microplastics meet electroanalysis: Future analytical trends for an emerging threat.

Ortega, M. E. M., Sousa, L. R., Susmel, S., Cortón, E. & Figueredo, F. Analytical Methods (2023). DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1039/D3AY01448G

Extracellular vesicles in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Maller, J. et al. Journal of Leukocyte Biology qiad059 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1093/jleuko/qiad059

Protease-armed, Pathogenic Extracellular Vesicles Link Smoking and COPD.

Madison, M. C. et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med rccm.202303-0471OC (2023) https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202303-0471OC 

Outersphere Approach to Increasing the Persistance of Oxygen‐Sensitive Europium(II)‐Containing Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions toward Imaging of Hypoxia.

Lutter, J. C. et al. Adv Healthcare Materials 12, 2203209 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202203209

First‐in‐human clinical trial of allogeneic, platelet‐derived extracellular vesicles as a potential therapeutic for delayed wound healing.

Johnson, J. et al. J of Extracellular Vesicle 12, 12332 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12332

Characterization of Virus Particles and Submicron-Sized Particulate Impurities in Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Drug Product.

Hiemenz, C. et al. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2023.05.009

Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and future directions in diagnosis and therapy.

De Sousa, K. P. et al. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnology 15, e1835 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1835

Human red blood cells release microvesicles with distinct sizes and protein composition that alter neutrophil phagocytosis.

De Oliveira, G. P. et al. J of Extracellular Bio 2, e107 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/jex2.107

Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Human Cardiorenal Syndrome Promote Renal Injury.

Chatterjee, E. et al. medRxiv 2023–02 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.07.23285599

Association between inflammation, reward processing, and ibuprofen-induced increases of miR-23b in astrocyte-enriched extracellular vesicles: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, exploratory trial in healthy individuals.

Burrows, K. et al. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity-Health 27, 100582 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100582

Preventing swarm detection in extracellular vesicle flow cytometry: a clinically applicable procedure.

Buntsma, N. C. et al. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis 7, 100171 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100171

Extracellular vesicles from human plasma dampen inflammation and promote tissue repair functions in macrophages.

Adamczyk, A. M. et al. J of Extracellular Vesicle 12, 12331 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12331

Cell‐Taxi: Mesenchymal Cells Carry and Transport Clusters of Cancer Cells.

Zarubova, J. et al. Small 18, 2203515 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202203515

Single-particle detection of native SARS-CoV-2 virions by microfluidic resistive pulse sensing.

Varga, Z., Madai, M., Kemenesi, G., Beke-Somfai, T. & Jakab, F. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 218, 112716 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112716

Comparison of Submicron Particle Counting Methods with a Heat Stressed Monoclonal Antibody: Effect of Electrolytes and Implications on Sample Preparation.

Stelzl, A. et al. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 111, 1992–1999 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.012

A triple high throughput screening for extracellular vesicle inducing agents with immunostimulatory activity.

Shukla, N. M. et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology 13, 869649 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.869649

Differences in circulating extracellular vesicle and soluble cytokines in older versus younger breast cancer patients with distinct symptom profiles.

Sass, D. et al. Frontiers in Genetics 13, 869044 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.869044

A Dynamic Interplay of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles and Galectin-1 Reprograms Viral Latency during HIV-1 Infection.

Rubione, J. et al. mBio 13, e00611-22 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00611-22

Extracellular vesicle-associated cytokines in sport-related concussion.

Meier, T. B. et al. Brain, behavior, and immunity 100, 83–87 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.015

Microfluidic Digital Quantitative PCR to Measure Internal Cargo of Individual Liposomes.

McCarthy Riley, B. F., Mai, H. T. & Linz, T. H. Anal. Chem. 94, 7433–7441 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01232

Cancer cell-derived exosomes as the delivery vehicle of paclitaxel to inhibit cancer cell growth.

Kanchanapally, R. & Brown, K. Journal of Cancer Discovery 49–58 (2022). https://doi.org/10.55976/jcd.1202217549-58

Extracellular Vesicle Levels of Nervous System Injury Biomarkers in Critically Ill Trauma Patients with and without Traumatic Brain Injury.

Guedes, V. A. et al. Neurotrauma Reports 3, 545–553 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1089/neur.2022.0058

Number Concentration Measurements of Polystyrene Submicrometer Particles.

DeRose, P. C. et al. Nanomaterials 12, 3118 (2022).  https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12183118

Exercise increases the release of NAMPT in extracellular vesicles and alters NAD + activity in recipient cells.

Chong, M. C., Silva, A., James, P. F., Wu, S. S. X. & Howitt, J. Aging Cell 21, e13647 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13647

An interlaboratory comparison on the characterization of a sub-micrometer polydisperse particle dispersion.

Benkstein, K. D. et al. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 111, 699–709 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2021.11.006

Storage conditions determine the characteristics of red blood cell derived extracellular vesicles.

Bebesi, T. et al. Scientific reports 12, 977 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-04915-7

Amino Surface Modification and Fluorescent Labelling of Porous Hollow Organosilica Particles: Optimization and Characterization.

Al-Khafaji, M. A., Gaál, A., Jezsó, B., Mihály, J. & Varga, Z. Materials 15, 2696 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072696

Quantitative and Multiplex Detection of Extracellular Vesicle‐Derived MicroRNA via Rolling Circle Amplification within Encoded Hydrogel Microparticles.

Al Sulaiman, D., Juthani, N. & Doyle, P. S. Adv Healthcare Materials 11, 2102332 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202102332

Mesenchymal stem cells carry and transport clusters of cancer cells.

Zarubova, J., Hasani-Sadrabadi, M. M., Norris, S. C., Kasko, A. M. & Li, S. bioRxiv 2021–02 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430875

MPA PASS Enables Stitched Multiplex Multi-Dimensional EV Repertoire Analysis.

Welsh, J. et al. (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3784885

Scalable isolation and purification of extracellular vesicles from Escherichia coli and other bacteria.

Watson, D. C. et al. JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) e63155 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3791/63155

Milk exosomes with enhanced mucus penetrability for oral delivery of siRNA.

Warren, M. R. et al. Biomaterials science 9, 4260–4277 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0BM01497D

Nano-pharmacokinetics: biodistribution and toxicology.

Vibhavari, R. J. A., Kumar, G., Rao, V., Cheruku, S. P. & Kumar, N. in Nano-Pharmacokinetics and Theranostics 117–152 (Elsevier, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85050-6.00013-X

Extracellular vesicles carry SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and serve as decoys for neutralizing antibodies.

Troyer, Z. et al. J of Extracellular Vesicle 10, e12112 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12112

Characterization of extracellular vesicles and synthetic nanoparticles with four orthogonal single-particle analysis platforms.

Tosar Rovira, J. P. et al. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2021, 10 (6): e12079. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12079

Application of tunable resistive pulse sensing for the quantification of submicron particles in pharmaceutical monoclonal antibody preparations.

Stelzl, A., Schneid, S. & Winter, G. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 110, 3541–3545 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2021.07.012

Electrolyte induced formation of submicron particles in heat stressed monoclonal antibody and implications for analytical strategies.

Stelzl, A. et al. Novel analytical approaches to characterize particles in biopharmaceuticals 67 (2021). https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3217865

Secreted therapeutics: monitoring durability of microRNA-based gene therapies in the central nervous system.

Sogorb-Gonzalez, M. et al. Brain Communications 3, fcab054 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab054

Generation and application of a reporter cell line for the quantitative screen of extracellular vesicle release.

Shpigelman, J. et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology 12, 668609 (2021).  https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.668609

The aquatic invertebrate Hydra vulgaris releases molecular messages through extracellular vesicles.

Moros, M. et al. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9, 788117 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.788117

Extracellular Vesicle Capture by Antibody of Choice and Enzymatic Release (EV‐CATCHER): A customizable purification assay designed for small‐RNA biomarker identification and evaluation of circulating small‐EVs.

Mitchell, M. I. et al. J of Extracellular Vesicle 10, e12110 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12110

Emerging methods in biomarker identification for extracellular vesicle‐based liquid biopsy.

Liang, Y., Lehrich, B. M., Zheng, S. & Lu, M. J of Extracellular Vesicle 10, e12090 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12090

Plasma-derived DNA containing-extracellular vesicles induce STING-mediated proinflammatory responses in dermatomyositis.

Li, Y. et al. Theranostics 11, 7144 (2021). https://doi.org10.7150/thno.59152

Biophysical characterization of cancer-derived cells and extracellular vesicles.

LeClaire, M. J. (University of California, Los Angeles, 2021).

‘Treasure’ in garbage bags: extracellular vesicles based biomarker for neurological diseases.

Kumar, A. & Deep, G. (2021). https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/exrna-21-25

Oil-Immersion Flow Imaging Microscopy for Quantification and Morphological Characterization of Submicron Particles in Biopharmaceuticals.

Krause, N. et al. AAPS J 23, 13 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-020-00547-9

Heterogeneity of melanoma cell responses to sleep apnea-derived plasma exosomes and to intermittent hypoxia.

Khalyfa, A. et al. Cancers 13, 4781 (2021).  https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194781

Cytokine-laden extracellular vesicles predict patient prognosis after cerebrovascular accident.

Fringuello, A. et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, 7847 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157847

α-Synuclein in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers distinguishes Parkinson’s disease from multiple system atrophy.

Dutta, S. et al. Acta Neuropathol 142, 495–511 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-021-02324-0

Chronic opioid use modulates human enteric microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity.

Cruz-Lebrón, A. et al. Gut Microbes 13, 1946368 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1946368

Standardized procedure to measure the size distribution of extracellular vesicles together with other particles in biofluids with microfluidic resistive pulse sensing.

Cimorelli, M., Nieuwland, R., Varga, Z. & van der Pol, E. PLoS One 16, e0249603 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249603

Characterization of extracellular vesicles and synthetic nanoparticles with four orthogonal single‐particle analysis platforms.

Arab, T. et al. J of Extracellular Vesicle 10, e12079 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12079

Release of extracellular vesicle miR-494-3p by ARPE-19 cells with impaired mitochondria.

Ahn, J. Y. et al. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects 1865, 129598 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129598

Discovery of exosomes from tick saliva and salivary glands reveals therapeutic roles for CXCL12 and IL-8 in wound healing at the tick–human skin interface.

Zhou, W. et al. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 8, 554 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00554

Chiral Supraparticles for Controllable Nanomedicine.

Yeom, J. et al. Advanced Materials 32, 1903878 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903878

MIFlowCyt‐EV: a framework for standardized reporting of extracellular vesicle flow cytometry experiments.

Welsh, J. A. et al. J of Extracellular Vesicle 9, 1713526 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/20013078.2020.1713526

Size measurement of extracellular vesicles and synthetic liposomes: the impact of the hydration shell and the protein corona.

Varga, Z. et al. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 192, 111053 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111053

An efficient microinjection method to generate human anaplasmosis agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected ticks.

Taank, V., Ramasamy, E., Sultana, H. & Neelakanta, G. Scientific reports 10, 15994 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73061-9

Reagent-free total protein quantification of intact extracellular vesicles by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy.

Szentirmai, V. et al. Anal Bioanal Chem 412, 4619–4628 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02711-8

Membrane active peptides remove surface adsorbed protein corona from extracellular vesicles of red blood cells.

Singh, P. et al. Frontiers in Chemistry 8, 703 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00703

Impact of isolation methods on the biophysical heterogeneity of single extracellular vesicles.

Sharma, S., LeClaire, M., Wohlschlegel, J. & Gimzewski, J. Scientific Reports 10, 13327 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70245-1

Biophysical analysis of lipidic nanoparticles.

Rozo, A. J., Cox, M. H., Devitt, A., Rothnie, A. J. & Goddard, A. D. Methods 180, 45–55 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.001

Electromagnetic piezoelectric acoustic sensor detection of extracellular vesicles through interaction with detached vesicle proteins.

Románszki, L., Varga, Z., Mihály, J., Keresztes, Z. & Thompson, M. Biosensors 10, 173 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10110173

Rapid scale-up and production of active-loaded PEGylated liposomes.

Roces, C. B. et al. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 586, 119566 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119566

Submicrometer, micrometer and visible particle analysis in biopharmaceutical research and development.

Hawe, A., Weinbuch, D., Zölls, S., Reichel, A. & Carpenter, J. F. in Biophysical Characterization of Proteins in Developing Biopharmaceuticals 285–310 (Elsevier, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64173-1.00010-X

Development and in vivo application of a water-soluble anticancer copper ionophore system using a temperature-sensitive liposome formulation.

Gaál, A. et al. Pharmaceutics 12, 466 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050466

Plant roots release small extracellular vesicles with antifungal activity.

De Palma, M. et al. Plants 9, 1777 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121777

Particle size distribution of bimodal silica nanoparticles: A comparison of different measurement techniques.

Al-Khafaji, M. A., Gaál, A., Wacha, A., Bóta, A. & Varga, Z. Materials 13, 3101 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143101

Resistive pulse sensing as particle counting and sizing method in microfluidic systems: Designs and applications review.

Vaclavek, T., Prikryl, J. & Foret, F. J of Separation Science 42, 445–457 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201800978

Contribution of intravenous administration components to subvisible and submicron particles present in administered drug product.

Pollo, M. et al. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 108, 2406–2414 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.020

Detection and phenotyping of extracellular vesicles by size exclusion chromatography coupled with on-line fluorescence detection.

Kitka, D., Mihály, J., Fraikin, J.-L., Beke-Somfai, T. & Varga, Z. Scientific reports 9, 19868 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56375-1

Extracellular vesicles from auditory cells as nanocarriers for anti-inflammatory drugs and pro-resolving mediators.

Kalinec, G. M. et al. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 13, 530 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00530

ISEV2019 Abstract Book.

Hida, K. et al. J. Extracell. Vesicles 8, 1593587 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080%2F20013078.2019.1593587

Critical evaluation of microfluidic resistive pulse sensing for quantification and sizing of nanometer-and micrometer-sized particles in biopharmaceutical products.

Grabarek, A. D., Weinbuch, D., Jiskoot, W. & Hawe, A. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 108, 563–573 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.020

Hollow organosilica beads as reference particles for optical detection of extracellular vesicles.

Varga, Z. et al. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 16, 1646–1655 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14193

Earlier Detection of Aggregates in Protein Formulations.

MIN, S. T. Spectradyne, (2018).

Characterisation of particles in solution – a perspective on light scattering and comparative technologies.

Maguire, C. M., Rösslein, M., Wick, P. & Prina-Mello, A. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 19, 732–745 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2018.1517587

Nanosensors for the Chemical Imaging of Acetylcholine Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Luo, Y., Kim, E. H., Flask, C. A. & Clark, H. A. ACS Nano 12, 5761–5773 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b01640

Submicron Protein Particle Characterization using Resistive Pulse Sensing and Conventional Light Scattering Based Approaches.

Barnett, G. V., Perhacs, J. M., Das, T. K. & Kar, S. R. Pharm Res 35, 58 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-017-2306-0

Quantitative Nanoparticle Analysis Based on Resistive Pulse Sensing.

Cleland, A. N., Fraikin, J.-L., Meinhold, P. & Monzon, F. Spectradyne, (2016).

NANOPARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION.

Cleland, A. N., Fraikin, J.-L., Meinhold, P. & Monzon, F. Spectradyne, (2016).

✿ Novel tools for targeting PCBs and PCB metabolites using ssDNA aptamers.

Beltran, M. G. S. The University of Iowa, 2016.

“Extracellular Vesicle Refractive Index Derivation Utilizing Orthogonal Characterization” A demonstration of two methods of deriving a small particle refractive index using orthogonal measurements with commercially available platforms.

Michelle L. Pleet, Sean Cook, Vera A. Tang, Emily Stack, Verity J. Ford, Joanne Lannigan, Ngoc Do, Ellie Wenger, Jean-Luc Fraikin, Steven Jacobson, Jennifer C. Jones, and Joshua A. Welsh, Nano Letters (ACS) – (Oct. 2023) https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00562

 “First-in-human clinical trial of allogeneic, platelet-derived extracellular vesicles as a potential therapeutic for delayed wound healing” Ligand-based Exosome Affinity Purification (LEAP) chromatography can successfully isolate platelet EVs (pEVs) of clinical grade from activated platelets, which retain the regenerative properties of the parent cell.

Jancy Johnson, Sam Q. K. Law, Mozhgan Shojaee, Alex S. Hall, Sadman Bhuiyan, Melissa B. L. Lim, Anabel Silva, Karmen J. W. Kong, Melanie Schoppet, Chantelle Blyth, Hansi N. Ranasinghe, Nenad Sejic, Mun Joo Chuei, Owen C. Tatford, Anna Cifuentes-Rius, Patrick F. James, Angus Tester, Ian Dixon, Gregor Lichtfuss, Journal of Extracellular Vesicles – Volume 12, Issue 7 – (July 2023) https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12332

✿ “Characterization of Virus Particles and Submicron-Sized Particulate Impurities in Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Drug Product”
Characterization of particulate impurities such as aggregates is necessary to develop safe and efficacious adeno-associated virus (AAV) drug products.

Cornelia Hiemenz, Anabel Pacios-Michelena, Constanze Helbig, Valerija Vezočnik, Michael Strebl, Felix Nikels, Andrea Hawe, Patrick Garidel, Tim Menzen, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Volume 112, Issue 6 – (June 2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2023.05.009

✿ “Extracellular Vesicles in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis” Characterization of particulate impurities such as aggregates is necessary to develop safe and efficacious adeno-associated virus (AAV) drug products.

Justine Maller, Terry Morgan, Mayu Morita, Frank McCarthy, Yunshin Jung, Katrin J Svensson, Joshua E Elias, Claudia Macaubas, Elizabeth Mellins, Journal of Leukocyte Biology – qiad059 – (May 2023) https://doi.org/10.1093/jleuko/qiad059

✿ “Removal and identification of external protein corona members from RBC-derived extracellular vesicles by surface manipulating antimicrobial peptides
A study employing red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (REVs) as a model system and three membrane active antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), LL-37, FK-16 and CM15, to test whether they can be used to remove protein corona members from the surface of vesicles.

Priyanka Singh, Imola Cs. Szigyártó, Maria Ricci, Anikó Gaál, Mayra Maritza Quemé-Peña, Diána Kitka, Lívia Fülöp, Lilla Turiák, László Drahos, Zoltán Varga, Tamás Beke-Somfa, Journal of Extracellular Biology – Volume 2, Issue 3 – (Mar 2023) https://doi.org/10.1002/jex2.78

✿ “Association between inflammation, reward processing, and ibuprofen-induced increases of miR-23b in astrocyte-enriched extracellular vesicles: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, exploratory trial in healthy individuals”
A team of researchers from the Laureate Institute, the University of Tulsa, the University of Oklahoma and the University of California — San Diego explore the effect of ibuprofen on astrocyte-enriched extracellular vesicles using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

K. Burrows, L. K.Figueroa-Halla, A. M. Alarbi, J. L. Stewart, R. Kuplicki, C. Tan, B. N. Hannafon, R. Ramesh, J. Savitz, S. Khalsa, T. K. Teague, V. B. Risbrough, M. P. Paulus, “Association between inflammation, reward processing, and ibuprofen-induced increases of miR-23b in astrocyte-enriched extracellular vesicles: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, exploratory trial in healthy individuals,” Brain, Behavior, & Immunity – Health 27, 100582 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100582

✿ “Extracellular vesicle levels of nervous system injury biomarkers in critically ill trauma patients with and without traumatic brain injury”
A team of researchers from Oregon Health and Science University, the NIH, University of Texas — San Antonio and Johns Hopkins University probe the use of extracellular vesicles as markers of traumatic brain injury using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

V. A. Guedes, S. Mithani, C. Williams, D. Sass, E. G. Smith, R. Vorn, C. Wagner, C. Lai, J. Gill, H. E. Hinson, “Extracellular vesicle levels of nervous system injury biomarkers in critically ill trauma patients with and without traumatic brain injury,” Neurotrauma Reports 3, 545-553 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1089/neur.2022.0058

✿ “Cell-Taxi: Mesenchymal cells carry and transport clusters of cancer cells”
A team of researchers from UCLA and The Czech Academy of Sciences explore the role extracellular vesicles play in cancer cell transport using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

J. Zarubova, M. M. Hasani-Sadrabadi, S. C. P. Norris, F. S. Majedi, C. Xiao, A. M. Kasko, S. Li, “Cell-Taxi: Mesenchymal cells carry and transport clusters of cancer cells,” Small 18, 2203515 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202203515

✿ “Extracellular vesicles secreted by mouse decidual cells carry critical information for the establishment of pregnancy”
A team of researchers from the Univerity of Illinois — Urbana-Champaign discover that EVs play an important role in signalling pregnancy in mice, a discovery enabled by Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

Q. Ma, J. R. Beal, X. Song, A. Bhurke, I. C. Bagchi, M. K. Bagchi, “Extracellular vesicles secreted by mouse decidual cells carry critical information for the establishment of pregnancy,” Endocrinology 163, 1-15 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqac165

✿ “Extracellular vesicles secreted by human uterine stromal cells regulate decidualization, angiogenesis, and trophoblast differentiation”
A team of researchers from the Univerity of Illinois — Urbana-Champaign discover that primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) during decidualization, a discovery enabled by Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

Q. Ma, J. R. Beal, A. Bhurke, A. Kannan, J. Yu, R. N. Taylor, I. C. Bagchi, M. K. Bagchi, “Extracellular vesicles secreted by human uterine stromal cells regulate decidualization, angiogenesis, and trophoblast differentiation,” Proc. National Academy of Sciences 119, e2200252119 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2200252119

✿ “Number concentration measurements of polystyrene submicrometer particles”
A team of researchers from NIST Boulder characterize and compare seven different methods for number concentration measurements of submicron particles, including in this survey Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

P. C. DeRose, K. D. Benkstein, E. B. Elsheikh, A. K. Gaigalas, S. E. Lehman, D. C. Ripple, L. Tian, W. N. Vreeland, E. J. Welch, A. W. York, Y.-Z. Zhang, L. Wang, “Number concentration measurements of polystyrene submicrometer particles,” Nanomaterials 12, 3118 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12183118

✿ “Cancer cell-derived exosomes as the delivery vehicle of paclitaxel to inhibit cancer cell growth”
Researchers from Tougaloo College use Spectradyne’s nCS1TM to explore the use of cancer cell-derived exosomes as delivery vehicles of paclitaxel.

R. Kanchanapally, K. D. Brown, “Cancer cell-derived exosomes as the delivery vehicle of paclitaxel to inhibit cancer cell growth,” J. Cancer Discovery 1, 49-58 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.55976/jcd.1202217549-58

✿ “A dynamic interplay of circulating extracellular vesicles and galectin-1 reprograms viral latency during HIV-1 infection”
Researchers from the University of Buenos Aires, University of San Sebastian, University of Melbourne, and Monash University identify a central role for a glycan-binding protein released in response to extracellular vesicles (EVs) in shaping chronic immune activation in HIV-infected patients, using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

J. Rubione, P. S. Perez, A. Czernikier, G. A. Duette, F. P. P. Gerber, J. Salido, M. P. Fabiano, Y. Ghiglione, G. Turk, N. Laufer, A. J. Cagnoni, J. M. Perez Saez, J. P. Merlo, C. Pascuale, J. C. Stupirski, O. Sued, M. Varas-Godoy, S. R. Lewing, K. V. Marino, G. A. Rabinovich, M. Ostrowski, “A dynamic interplay of circulating extracellular vesicles and galectin-1 reprograms viral latency during HIV-1 infection,” mBio 13, e00611-22 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00611-22

✿ “Single-particle detection of native SARS-CoV-2 virions by microfluidic resistive pulse sensing”
A team of researchers from the Research Center for Natural Sciences (Budapest) and the University of Pecs report on the direct detection of individual native COVID virus using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

Z. Varga, M. Madai, G. Kemenesi, T. Beke-Somfai, F. Jakab, “Single-particle detection of native SARS-CoV-2 virions by microfluidic resistive pulse sensing,” Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 218, 112716 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112716

✿ “Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and future directions in diagnosis and therapy”
A panel of scientific experts from the United Kingdom and Brazil present a review of recent progress in extracellular-vesicle related techniques, from isolation methods to characterization techniques, addressing fundamental points of EV-related cell biology, in part using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM for EV detection and characterization.

K. P. De Sousa, I. Rossi, M. Abdullahi, M. I. Ramirez, D. Stratton, J. M. Inal, “Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and future directions in diagnosis and therapy,” WIREs Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. e1835 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1835

✿ “Amino surface modification and fluorescent labeling of porous hollow organosilica particles: Optimization and characterization”
Researchers at the Research Center for Natural Sciences in Budapest, Hungary, prepare highly dispersed porous hollow organosilica particles (pHOPs) with amino surface modification, and thoroughly characterize these nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, FT-IR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies, and microfluidic resistive pulse sensing.

M. A. Al-Khafaji, A. Gaal, B. Jezso, J. Mihaly, Z. Varga, “Amino surface modification and fluorescent labeling of porous hollow organosilica particles: Optimization and characterization,” Materials 15, 2696 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072696

✿ “Quantitative and multiplex detection of extracellular vesicle-derived microRNA via rolling circle amplification within encoded hydrogel microparticles”
Researchers develop and apply a method for quantitative and multiplex detection of EV-miRNA, via rolling circle amplification within encoded hydrogel particles. Orthogonal measurements of EV concentrations are coupled with the direct, absolute quantification of miRNA in biological samples results in quantitative measurements of miRNA copy numbers per volume sample, and per extracellular vesicle, using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM, and contrasted with NTA.

D. Al Sulaiman, N. Juthani, P. S. Doyle, “Quantitative and multiplex detection of extracellular vesicle-derived microRNA via rolling circle amplification within encoded hydrogel microparticles,” Adv. Healthcare Materials 2, 102332 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202102332

✿ “Storage conditions determine the characteristics of red blood cell derived extracellular vesicles”
Researchers in the Biological Nanochemistry Research Group at the Research Centre for Natural Resources in Hungary use microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) to follow the changes in the size distribution of extracellular vesicles (EVs) under different storage conditions and times, using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

T. Bebesi, D. Kitka, A. Gaal, I. C. Szigyarto, R. Deak, T. Beke-Somfai, K. Koprivanacz, T. Juhasz, A. Bota, Z. Varga and J. Mihaly, “Storage conditions determine the characteristics of red blood cell derived extracellular vesicles,” Scientific Reports 12, 977 (2022)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-04915-7

✿ “An interlaboratory comparison on the characterization of a sub-micrometer polydisperse particle dispersion”
Researchers from NIST Gaithersburg, Bristol-Myers Squibb, FDA, Lonza, Spectradyne and other companies explore a joint effort to characterize sub-micron particle dispersions using a range of different characterization methods, including using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

K. D. Benkstein, G. Balakrishnan, A. Bhirde, P. Chalus, T. K. Das, Ngoc Do, D. L. Duewer, N. Filonov, F. Chiong Cheong, P. Garidel, N. S. Gill, A. D. Grabarek, D. G. Grier, J. Hadley, A. D. Hollingsworth, W. W. Howard, M. Jarzebski, W. Jiskoot, S. R. Kar, V. Kestens, H. Khasa, Y. J. Kim, A. Koulov, A. Matter, L. A. Philips, C. Probst, Y. Ramaye, T. W. Randolph, D. C. Ripple, S. Romeijn, M. Saggu, F. Schleinzer, J. R. Snell, J. Tatarkiewicz, H. A. Wright, D. T. Yang, “An Interlaboratory Comparison on the Characterization of a Sub-micrometer Polydisperse Particle Dispersion,” J. .Pharm. Sci., ISSN 0022-3549 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2021.11.006

✿ “Extracellular vesicle-associated cytokines in sport-related concussion”
Researchers from the Medical College of Wisconsin, NIH and the University of Oklahoma investigate whether EV-associated cytokines are elevated and predictive of symptom duration following concussion in a cohort of high-school and collegiate football players. Measurements of EVs were made using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

T. Meier, V. A. Guedes, E. G. Smith, D. Sass, S. Mithani, R. Vorn, J. Savitz, T. K. Teague, M. A. McCrea, J. M. Gill, “Extracellular vesicle-associated cytokines in sport-related concussion,” Brain, Behavior and Immunity S0889-1591(21)00611-5 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.015

✿ “Scalable isolation and purification of extracellular vesicles from Escherichia coli and other bacteria”
Researchers at the Cleveland Clinic demonstrate isolation and purification of EVs from bacteria, validating their process with Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

D. C. Watson, S. Johnson, A. Santos, M. Yin, D. Bayik, J. D. Lathia, M. Dwidar, “Scalable isolation and purification of extracellular vesicles from Escherichia coli and other bacteria,” J. Vis. Exp. 176, e63155 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.3791/63155

✿ “Standardized procedure to measure the size distribution of extracellular vesicles together with other particles in biofluids with microfluidic resistive pulse sensing”
Researchers in the Faculty of Medicine (AMC) at the University of Amsterdam develop a standard method for analyzing extracellular vesicles (EVs) in biofluids using Spectradyne’s microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS).

M. Cimorelli, R. Nieuwland, Z. Varga, E. van der Pol, “Standardized procedure to measure the size distribution of extracellular vesicles together with other particles in biofluids with microfluidic resistive pulse sensing,” PLOS One 16, e0249603 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249603

✿ “Milk exosomes with enhanced mucus penetrability for oral delivery of siRNA”
A team of researchers from Northeastern University and Sanofi report on engineering high purity bovine milk exosomes for oral delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA), and characterize the exosomes using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

M. R. Warren, C. Z. Zhang, A. Vedadghavami,K. Bokvist, P. K. Dhal, A. G. Bajpayee, “Milk exosomes with enhanced mucus penetrability for oral delivery of siRNA,” Biomater. Sci. 9, 4260-4277 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0BM01497D

✿ “Extracellular vesicles carry SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and serve as decoys for neutralizing antibodies”
A team of researchers from Case-Western University show that EVs can carry the spike protein found on SARS-COV-2 virus. The team characterized the exosomes using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

Z. Troyer, N. Alhusaini, C. O. Tabler, T. Sweet, K. I. Ladislau de Carvalho, D. M. Schlatzer, L. Carias, C. L. King, K. Matreyek, J. C. Tilton, “Extracellular vesicles carry SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and serve as decoys for neutralizing antibodies,” J. Extracell. Ves. 10, e12112 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12112

✿ “Oil-immersion flow imaging microscopy for quantification and morphological characterization of submicron particles in biopharmaceuticals”
Scientists from Coriolis and Boehringer Ingelheim use the Spectradyne nCS1TM to characterize nanoparticles measured with the FlowCam Nano.

N. Krause, S. Kuhn, E. Frotscher, F. Nikels, A. Hawe, P. Garidel, T. Menzen, “Oil-immersion flow imaging microscopy for quantification and morphological characterization of submicron particles in biopharmaceuticals,” AAPS Journal 23, 13 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-020-00547-9

✿ “Plasma-derived DNA containing-extracellular vesicles induce STING-mediated proinflammatory responses in dermatomyositis”
Researchers from the Philadelphia VA Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania investigate whether circulating EVs contribute to proinflammatory effects, and how these effects are mediated.

Y. Li, C. Bax, J. Patel, T. Vazquez, A. Ravishankar, M. M. Bashir, M. Grinnell, D. Diaz, V. P. Werth, “Plasma-derived DNA containing-extracellular vesicles induce STING-mediated proinflammatory responses in dermatomyositis,” Theranostics 11, 7144-7158 (2021)
https://dx.doi.org/10.7150%2Fthno.59152

✿ “Secreted therapeutics: monitoring durability of microRNA-based gene therapies in the central nervous system”
Scientists from uniQure Biopharma N.V., Leiden University and University of Amsterdam show results from monitoring the durability of microRNA-based gene therapies in the central nervous system.

M. Sogorb-Gonzalez, C. Vendrell-Tornero, J. Snapper, A. Stam, S. Keskin, J. Miniarikova, E. A Spronck, M. de Haan, R. Nieuwland, P. Konstantinova, S. J. van Deventer, M. M. Evers, A. Valles, “Secreted therapeutics: monitoring durability of microRNA-based gene therapies in the central nervous system,” Brain Communications 3, fcab054 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab054

✿ “Emerging methods in biomarker identification for extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsy”
Scientists from Beijing Normal University and Carnegie-Mellon University present a review article summarizing recent advances in EV detection techniques and methods, including using Spectradyne’s nCS1, with the intention of translating an EV-based liquid biopsy into clinical practice.

Y. Liang, B. M. Lehrich, S. Zheng, M. Lu, “Generation and application of a reporter cell line for the quantitative screen of extracellular vesicle release,” J. Extracell. Vesicles 10, e12090 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12090

✿ “CD9 inhibition reveals a functional connection of extracellular vesicle secretion with mitophagy in melanoma cells”
Scientists at the University of Madrid and affiliated locations report on functional connections between extracellular vesicle secretion and mitophagy in melanoma cells.

H. Suarez, Z. Andreu, C. Mazzeo, V. Toribio, I. Marina, H. Peinado, M. Yanez-Mo, “CD9 inhibition reveals a functional connection of extracellular vesicle secretion with mitophagy in melanoma cells,” J. Extracell. Vesicles 10, e12082 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12082

✿ “Chronic opioid use modulates human enteric microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity”
Scientists at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland OH show, using in part Spectradyne’s nCS1, that chronic opioid use modulates microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity.

A. Cruz-Lebron, R. Johnson, C. Mazahery, Z. Troyer, S. Joussef-Pina, M. E. Quinones-Mateu, C. M Strauch, S. L. Hazen, A. D. Levine, “Chronic opioid use modulates human enteric microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity,” Gut Microbes 13, 1946368 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1946368

✿ “Nano-pharmacokinetics: biodistribution and toxicology”
Scientists at the Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (India) present a review of nano-pharmacokinetics.

R.J.A. Vibhavari, G. Kumar, V. Rao, S. P. Cheruku, N. Kumar, “Nano-pharmacokinetics: biodistribution and toxicology,” chapter 7 in Nano-Pharmacokinetics and Theranostics, Advancing Cancer Therapy, p. 117-152 (Academic Press, 2021)
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85050-6.00013-X

✿ “Generation and application of a reporter cell line for the quantitative screen of extracellular vesicle release”
Scientists from UC San Diego and the Scintillon Institute report that they developed and characterized a reporter cell line that allows the quantitation of EVs shed into culture media in phenotypic high-throughput screen (HTS) format, using Spectradyne’s nCS1 as part of the characterization process.

J. Shpigelman, F. S. Lao, S. Yao, C. Y. Li, T. Saito, F. Sato-Kaneko, J. P. Nolan, N. M. Shukla, M. Pu, K. Messer, H. B. Cottam, D. A. Carson, M. Corr, T. Hayashi, “Generation and application of a reporter cell line for the quantitative screen of extracellular vesicle release,” Front. Pharmacol. 12, 668609 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.668609

✿ “Cytokine-laden extracellular vesicles predict patient prognosis after cerebrovascular accident”
Researchers from Anschutz Medical Center at CU Denver show that extracellular vesicles can serve as biomarkers following a cerebrovascular accident.

A. Fringuello, P. D. Tatman, T. Wroblewski, J. A. Thompson, X. Yu, K. O. Lillehei, R. G. Kowalski, M. W. Graner, “Cytokine-laden extracellular vesicles predict patient prognosis after cerebrovascular accident,” Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 7847 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157847

✿ “The mystery of red blood cells extracellular vesicles in sleep apnea with metabolic dysfunction”
Researchers at the University of Missouri School of Medicine and the Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Aragon (Zaragoza Spain) discuss the mystery of red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles in sleep apnea.

A. Khalyfa, D. Sanz-Rubio, “The mystery of red blood cells extracellular vesicles in sleep apnea with metabolic dysfunction,” Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 4301 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094301

✿ “Characterization of extracellular vesicles and synthetic nanoparticles with four orthogonal single-particle analysis platforms”
Ken Witwer and Michael Paulaitis and their research groups at Johns Hopkins compare four methods for sizing, counting, and phenotyping of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and synthetic particles, using single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensing (SP-IRIS) with fluorescence, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) with fluorescence, nanoflow cytometry measurement (NFCM), and microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS), using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

T. Arab, E. R. Mallick, Y. Huang, L. Dong, Z. H. Liao, Z. Z. Zhao, O. Gololobova, B. Smith, N. J. Haughey, K. J. Pienta, B. S. Slusher, P. M. Tarwater, J. P. Tosar, A. M. Zivkovic, W. N. Vreeland, M. E. Paulaitis, K. W. Witwer, “Characterization of extracellular vesicles and synthetic nanoparticles with four orthogonal single-particle analysis platforms,” J. Extracellular Vesicles 10, e12079 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12079

✿ “α-Synuclein in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers distinguishes Parkinson’s disease from multiple system atrophy”
A team of scientists, mostly from UCLA but including researchers from the Mayo Clinic and UCI, investigate whether exosomes can serve as biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease.

S. Dutta, S. Hornung, A. Kruayatidee, K. N. Maina, I. del Rosario, K. C. Paul, D. Y. Wong, A. D. Folle, D. Markovic, J.-A. Palma, G. E. Serrano, C. H. Adler, S. L. Perlman, W. W. Poon, U. J. Kang, R. N. Alcalay, M. Sklerov, K. H. Gylys, H. Kaufmann, B. L. Fogel, J. M. Bronstein, B. Ritz, G. Bitan, “α-Synuclein in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers distinguishes Parkinson’s disease from multiple system atrophy,” Acta Neuropathologica 142, 495-511 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-021-02324-0

✿ “Extracellular vesicle capture by antibody of choice and enzymatic release (EV-CATCHER): A customizable purification assay designed for small-RNA biomarker identification and evaluation of circulating small-EVs”
Olivier Loudig’s group at Hackensack Meridian Health (Nutley, New Jersey) uses Spectradyne’s nCS1 to measure the concentration distribution of purified small-size range EVs.

M. I. Mitchell, I. Z. Ben-Dov, C. Liu, K. Ye, K. Chow, Y. Kramer, A. Gangadharan, S. Park, S. Fitzgerald, A. Ramnauth, D.S. Perlin, M. Donato, E. Bhoy, E. M. Doulabi, M. Poulos, M. Kamali-Moghaddam, O. Loudig, “Extracellular vesicle capture by antibody of choice and enzymatic release (EV-CATCHER): A customizable purification assay designed for small-RNA biomarker identification and evaluation of circulating small-EVs,” J. Extracell. Vesicles 10, e12110 (2021)
https://doi.org/10.1002/jev2.12110

✿ “An efficient microinjection method to generate human anaplasmosis agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected ticks”
A collaboration between Hameeda Sultana’s and Girish Neelakanta’s groups at Old Dominion University describe using Spectradyne’s nCS1 to generate a human anaplasmosis agent from infected ticks.

V. Taank, E. Ramasamy, H. Sultana, G. Neelakanta, “An efficient microinjection method to generate human anaplasmosis agent,” Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected ticks,” Sci. Rept. 10, 15994 (2020)
doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73061-9

✿ “Technologies and standardization in research on extracellular vesicles”
Researchers at Northeastern University in Boston MA compile a description of technologies and standardization in research on extracellular vesicles, including using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM for EV characterization.

S. Gandham, X. Su, J. Wood, A. L.Nocera, S. Chandra Alli, L. Milane, A. Zimmerman, M. Amiji, A. R. Ivanov, “Technologies and standardization in research on extracellular vesicles,” Trends Biotech. 38, 1066-1098 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.05.012

✿ “Membrane active peptides remove surface adsorbed protein corona from extracellular vesicles of red blood cells”
Scientists from the Research Center for Natural Science and Eotvos Lorand University in Budapest show they can modify surface receptors from extracellular vesicles derived from red blood cells.

P. Singh, I. Cs. Szigyarto, M. Ricci, F. Zsila, T. Juhasz, J. Mihaly, S. Bosze, E. Bulyaki, J. Kardos, D. Kitka, Z. Varga, T. Beke-Somfai, “Membrane active peptides remove surface adsorbed protein corona from extracellular vesicles of red blood cells,” Front. Chem. 8, 703 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00703

✿ “Methods for exosome isolation and characterization”
Researchers from Penn State Hershey Medical Center compile methods for exosome isolation and characterization, including using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

M. Zhou, S. R.Weber, Y.J. Zhao, H. Chen, J. M. Sundstrom, “Expanding NIST calibration of fluorescent microspheres for flow cytometry to more fluorescence channels and smaller particles,” chapter in Exosomes: A Clinical Compendium, p 23-38 (Academic Press, 2020)
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816053-4.00002-X

✿ “Expanding NIST calibration of fluorescent microspheres for flow cytometry to more fluorescence channels and smaller particles”
Researchers from NIST Gaithersburg and Thermo Fisher expand the NIST calibration of fluorescent microspheres for flow cytometry to more fluorescence channels and smaller particles, using in part Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.

P. DeRose, L. Tian, E. Elsheikh, A. Urbas, Y.-Z. Zhang, L. Wang, “Expanding NIST calibration of fluorescent microspheres for flow cytometry to more fluorescence channels and smaller particles,” Materials 13, 4111 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184111

✿ “MIFlowCyt-EV: a framework for standardized reporting of extracellular vesicle flow cytometry experiments”
Researchers from NIH (Bethesda MD) and the University of Amsterdam demonstrate a new framework for standardized reporting of extracellular vesicle flow cytometry experiments, validated using Spectradyne’s nCS1.

J. A. Welsh, E. Van Der Pol, G. J. A. Arkesteijn, M. Bremer et al., “MIFlowCyt-EV: a framework for standardized reporting of extracellular vesicle flow cytometry experiments,” J. Extracell. Vesicles 9, 171356 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1080/20013078.2020.1713526

✿ “Electromagnetic piezoelectric acoustic sensor detection of extracellular vesicles through interaction with detached vesicle proteins”
Scientists from Zoltan Varga’s Biological Nanochemistry Research Group at the Research Centre for Natural Sciences in Budapest and from University of Toronto demonstrate a new technique for acoustic detection of EVs, validated using Spectradyne’s nCS1.

L. Romanszki, Z. Varga, J. Mihaly, Z. Keresztes, M. Thompson, “Electromagnetic piezoelectric acoustic sensor detection of extracellular vesicles through interaction with detached vesicle proteins” Biosensors 10, 173 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10110173

✿ “Impact of isolation methods on the biophysical heterogeneity of single extracellular vesicles”
Researchers from UCLA use atomic force microscopy (AFM) in conjunction with direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), micro-fluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) using Spectradyne’s nCS1, and multi-angle light scattering (MALS) techniques to compare the size, structure and unique surface properties of breast cancer cell-derived small EVs (sEV) obtained using four different isolation methods.

S. Sharma, M. LeClaire, J. Wohlschlegel, J. Gimzewski , “Impact of isolation methods on the biophysical heterogeneity of single extracellular vesicles,” Scientific Reports 10, 13327 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70245-1

✿ “Stable tRNA halves can be sorted into extracellular vesicles and delivered to recipient cells in a concentration-dependent manner”
A team from the Institut Pasteur in Montevideo works with Ken Witwer’s group at John Hopkins show that it is possible to perform efficient non-selective RNA sorting to extracellular vesicles (EVs) and use the EVs as delivery vehicles to cells.

F. Gambaro, M. L. Calzi, P. Fagundez, B. Costa, G. Greif, E. Mallick, S. Lyons, P. Ivanov, K. Witwer, A. Cayota, J. P. Tosar, “Stable tRNA halves can be sorted into extracellular vesicles and delivered to recipient cells in a concentration-dependent manner,” RNA Biology 17, 1168-1182 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2019.1708548

✿ “Plant roots release small extracellular vesicles with antifungal activity”
Researchers from the National Research Council and University of Salerno collaborate with Zoltan Varga’s Biological Nanochemistry Research Group at the Research Center for Natural Science in Hungary to show that plant roots emit extracellular vesicles that have antifungal activity.

M. De Palma, A. Ambrosone, A. Leone, P. Del Gaudio, M. Ruocco, L. Turiak, R. Bokka, I. Fiume, M. Tucci, G. Pocsfalvi, “Plant roots release small extracellular vesicles with antifungal activity,” Plants 9, 1777 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121777

✿ “Characterization of extracellular vesicles derived from two populations of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell”
Scientists from Exopharm and University of Melbourne characterize extracellular vesicles from two populations of stem cells, and show measurable differences using Spectradyne’s nCS1.

R. Khanabdali, M. Shojaee, J. Johnson, S. Law, M. Whitmore, M. Lim, M. Schoppet, A. Silva, P. James, B. Kalionis, I. Dixon, G. G. Lichtfuss, A. Tester, “Characterization of extracellular vesicles derived from two populations of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell,” Cytotherapy 22 Supplement, S50, (2020)
doi.org/10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.062

✿ “Discovery of Exosomes From Tick Saliva and Salivary Glands Reveals Therapeutic Roles for CXCL12 and IL-8 in Wound Healing at the Tick-Human Skin Interface”
A paper from Hameeda Sultana’s group at Old Dominion University describing using Spectradyne’s nCS1 as part of a study of exosomes from tick saliva and tick salivary glands.

W. Zhou, F. Tahir, J. C.-Y. Wang, M. Woodson, M. B. Sherman, S. Karim, G. Neelakanta, H. Sultana, “Discovery of Exosomes From Tick Saliva and Salivary Glands Reveals Therapeutic Roles for CXCL12 and IL-8 in Wound Healing at the Tick-Human Skin Interface,” Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 8, 554 (2020)
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00554

✿ “Particle Size Distribution of Bimodal Silica Nanoparticles: A Comparison of Different Measurement Techniques”
A paper from Zoltan Varga’s Biological Nanochemistry Research Group at the Hungarian Academy of Science describing complementary methods for measuring silica nanoparticles.

M. A. Al-Khafaji, A. Gaal, A. Wacha , A. Bota, Z. Varga, “Particle Size Distribution of Bimodal Silica Nanoparticles: A Comparison of Different Measurement Techniques,” Materials 13, 3101 (2020)
doi.org/10.3390/ma13143101

✿ “Rapid scale-up and production of active-loaded PEGylated liposomes”
A paper describing use of the nCS1 to characterize liposomes for activated drug delivery.

C. B. Roces, E. C. Port, N. N. Daskalakis, J. A. Watts, J. W. Aylott, G. W. Halbert, Y. Perrie, “Rapid scale-up and production of active-loaded PEGylated liposomes,” Intl. J. Pharmaceutics 586, 119586 (2020)
doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119566

✿ “Reagent-free total protein quantification of intact extracellular vesicles by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy”
A paper from Zoltan Varga’s Biological Nanochemistry Research Group at the Hungarian Academy of Science describes how the Spectradyne’s nCS1TM is used in quantifying extracellular vesicles, combined with infrared spectroscopy.

V. Szentirmai, A. Wacha, C. Nemeth, D. Kitka, A. Racz, K. Heberger, J. Mihaly, Z. Varga, “Reagent-free total protein quantification of intact extracellular vesicles by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem. (2020)
doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02711-8

✿ “Submicrometer, micrometer and visible particle analysis in biopharmaceutical research and development”
A book chapter describing a range of different techniques for characterizing sub-micron, micron-scale and visible particles for pharmaceutical research.

A. Hawe, D. Weinbuch, S. Zolls, A. Reichel, J. F. Carpenter, “Submicrometer, micrometer and visible particle analysis in biopharmaceutical research and development,” in Biophysical Characterization of Proteins in Developing Biopharmaceuticals (Second Edition), (Elsevier 2020) p. 285-310.
doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64173-1.00010-X

✿ “Biophysical analysis of lipidic nanoparticles”
A paper discussing the characterization of lipid nanoparticles.

A. J. Rozoa, M. H. Coxa, A. Devitta, A. J. Rothniea, A. D. Goddard, “Biophysical analysis of lipidic nanoparticles,” Methods
doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.001

✿ “Development and In Vivo Application of a Water-Soluble Anticancer Copper Ionophore System Using a Temperature-Sensitive Liposome Formulation”
A paper from Zoltan Varga’s Biological Nanochemistry Research Group at the Hungarian Academy of Science describes how the Spectradyne’s nCS1TM is used in the development of cancer drug-carrying liposomes which are tested in animals.

A. Gaal, T. M. Garay, I. Horvath, D. Mathe, D. Szollosi, D. S. Veres, J. Mbuotidem, T. Kovacs, J. Tovari, R. Bergmann, C. Streli, G. Szakacs, J. Mihaly, Z. Varga, N. Szoboszlai, “Development and In Vivo Application of a Water-Soluble Anticancer Copper Ionophore System Using a Temperature-Sensitive Liposome Formulation,” Pharmaceutics 12, 466 (2020)
doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050466

✿ “Size Measurement of Extracellular Vesicles and Synthetic Liposomes: The Impact of the Hydration Shell and the Protein Corona”
A paper from Zoltan Varga’s Biological Nanochemistry Research Group at the Hungarian Academy of Science and Spectradyne reporting measurements of extracellular vesicles using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM. This paper describes how novel non-optical methods are used to characterize the size of EVs and liposomes. Size measurements from light scattering and microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) reveal the thickness of the hydration layer.

Z. Varga, B. Fehera, D. Kitka, A. Wacha, A. Bota, S. Berenyi, V. Pipich, J.-L. Fraikin, “Size Measurement of Extracellular Vesicles and Synthetic Liposomes: The Impact of the Hydration Shell and the Protein Corona,” Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces (in press, 2020)
doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111053

✿ “Release of extracellular vesicle miR-494-3p by ARPE-19 cells with impaired mitochondria”
A third-party paper including extracellular vesicle analysis using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM. This paper describes the investigation and measurement of the size and concentration of EVs released by modified ARPE-19 cells with impaired mitochondria, with implications for macular degeneration.

J.Y. Ahn, S. Datta, E. Bandeira, M. Cano, E. Mallick, U. Rai, B. Powell, J. Tian, K.W. Witwer, J.T. Handa, M.E. Paulaitis, “Release of extracellular vesicle miR-494-3p by ARPE-19 cells with impaired mitochondria,” BBA – General Subjects (in press, 2020)
doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129598

✿ “Chiral Supraparticles for Controllable Nanomedicine”
A third-party paper including nanoparticle analysis using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM. This paper describes the investigation and measurement of chiral supraparticles with applications to drug delivery systems, tumor detection markers, biosensors, and other biomaterial-based devices.

J. Yeom, P. P. G. Guimaraes, H. M. Ahn, B.-K. Jung, Q. Hu, K. McHugh, M. J. Mitchell, C.-O. Yun, R. Langer, A. Jaklenec, “Chiral Supraparticles for Controllable Nanomedicine,” Advanced Materials 32, 1903878 (2019)
doi: 10.1002/adma.201903878

✿ “Extracellular Vesicles From Auditory Cells as Nanocarriers for Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Pro-resolving Mediators”
A third-party paper including particle analysis using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM of extracellular vesicles from auditory cells as carriers for drugs and mediators. Provides an excellent discussion of the technology, includes comparisons of MRPS technology to NTA, and MRPS reveals interesting data about the samples.

G. M. Kalinec, L. Gao, W. Cohn, J. P. Whitelegge, K. F. Faull, F. Kalinec, “Extracellular Vesicles From Auditory Cells as Nanocarriers for Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Pro-resolving Mediators,” Front. Cell. Neurosci. 13, 530 (2019)
doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00530

✿ “Contribution of Intravenous Administration Components to Subvisible and Submicron Particles Present in Administered Drug Product”
A third-party paper describing measurement of subvisible and submicron particles and their response to adminstration components.

M. Pollo, A. Mehta, K. Torres, D. Thorne, D. Zimmermann, P. Kolhe, “Contribution of Intravenous Administration Components to Subvisible and Submicron Particles Present in Administered Drug Product,” J. Pharm. Sci. 108, 2406-2414 (2019)
doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.020

✿ “Detection and phenotyping of extracellular vesicles by size exclusion chromatography coupled with on-line fluorescence detection”
A third-party paper including extracellular vesicle analysis using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM This paper describes the development of a new technology combining size exclusion chromatography (SEC), a commonly used EV purification technique, with fluorescence detection of specifically labeled EVs.

D. Kitka, J. Mihaly, J.-L. Fraikin, T. Beke-Somfai, and Z. Varga, “Detection and phenotyping of extracellular vesicles by size exclusion chromatography coupled with on-line fluorescence detection,” Sci. Reports 9, 19868 (2019)
doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56375-1

✿ “Characterisation of particles in solution – a perspective on light scattering and comparative technologies”
A third-party paper using Spectradyne’s nCS1 compared to light-scattering techniques to characterize particles in solution.

C. M. Maguire, M. Rosslein, P. Wick, A. Prina-Mello, “Characterisation of particles in solution – a perspective on light scattering and comparative technologies,” Sci. Tech. Adv. Matls.19, 732-745 (2018)
doi:10.1080/14686996.2018.1517587

✿ “Nanosensors for the Chemical Imaging of Acetylcholine Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging”
A third-party paper using Spectradyne’s nCS1 to characterize the concentration of nanoparticles to be used as nanosensors.

Y. Luo, E. H. Kim, C. A. Flask, H. A. Clark, “Nanosensors for the Chemical Imaging of Acetylcholine Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging,” ACS Nano 12, 5761-5773 (2018)
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01640

✿ “Critical evaluation of microfluidic resistive pulse sensing for quantification and sizing of nanometer- and micrometer-sized particles in biopharmaceutical products”
A third-party paper evaluating resistive pulse sensing for particle analysis in pharmaceutical applications.

A. D. Grabarek, D. Weinbuch, W. Jiskoot, A. Hawe, J. Pharm. Sci. 108, 563-573 (2018)
doi: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.020

✿ “Submicron Protein Particle Characterization using Resistive Pulse Sensing and Conventional Light Scattering Based Approaches”
A third-party paper comparing resistive pulse sensing and conventional light scattering for sub-micron protein particles.

G. V. Barnett, J. M. Perhacs, T. K. Das, S. R. Kar, Pharm. Res. 35, 58 (2018)
doi: 10.1007/s11095-017-2306-0

✿ “Hollow organosilica beads as reference particles for optical detection of extracellular vesicles”
A publication describing the calibration of hollow organosilica beads as references for extracellular vesicle characterization.

Z. Varga, E. Van Der Pol, M. Palmai, R. Garcia-Diez, C. Gollwitzer, M. Krumrey, J.-L. Fraikin, A. Gasecka, N. Hajji, T. G. Van Leeuwen, R. Nieuwland, J. Thrombosis and Haeomostasis 16, 1646-1655 (2018)
doi: 10.1111/jth.14193

✿ “Size and concentration determination of extracellular vesicles as small as 50 nm in diameter at a rate beyond 10,000 EV/s”
A symposium presentations describing the use of Spectradyne’s nCS1 for evaluating extracellular vesicles.
J.-L. Fraikin, L. de Rond, C. Hau, F. Monzon, E. van der Pol, ISEV 2017 proceedings, May 17, 2017.
https://search.proquest.com/openview/892d4921e65a6105e2cc30919e5104dd/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2030046

✿ “A high-throughput label-free nanoparticle analyser.”
A publication describing the basic technology on which Spectradyne’s unique implementation of resistive pulse sensing is based.

J.-L. Fraikin, T. Teesalu, C.M. McKenney, E. Ruoslahti and A.N. Cleland, Nature Nanotechnology 6, 308-313 (2011)
doi: 10.1038/nnano.2011.24

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Master’s and doctoral theses


“Electrolyte induced formation of submicron particles in heat stressed monoclonal antibody and implications for analytical strategies.”
PhD thesis at the University of Leiden completed by Dr. A. Grabarek, describing the electrolytic formation of nanoparticles analyzed using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.
A. D. Grabarek, PhD Thesis, University of Leiden (2021)

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Trade journal articles


“Ligand-based Exosome Affinity Purification: A scalable solution to extracellular vesicle downstream bottlenecks.”
A method for exosome affinity-based purification is validated using Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.
Sam Law, Jancy Johnson, Patrick F. James, Michael Whitmore, Anabel Silva, Karmen Kong, Melanie Schoppet, Chantelle Blyth, Mun Joo Chuei, Karen Holden, Ian Dixon and Gregor Lichtfuss (Exopharm Inc.), in Bioprocess International June 2021.

“Accurate measurements of biological nanoparticles.”
A comparative review of resistive pulse sensing and other techniques for measurements of biological nanoparticles.
Brian Miller (Meritics Ltd.), in LabMate September 6, 2018.

“Key considerations for accurate quantification of sub-micron particles in pharmaceuticals.”
A review of the issues involved in quantifying sub-micron particles in pharmaceutical formulations.
Jean-Luc Fraikin, in On Drug Delivery issue 89 (August 2018).

“One size does not fit all: Nanoparticle size analysis for nanomedicine applications.”
A publication describing an overview for the application of Spectradyne’s nCS1TM to detection and characterization of nanoparticles in nanomedicine.
A.N. Cleland, J.-L. Fraikin, P. Meinhold, F.M. Monzon, Drug Development and Delivery 6, 20 (April 2016).

“Quantitative nanoparticle analysis based on resistive pulse sensing.”
An overview of resistive pulse sensing and its application to nanoparticle analysis.
A.N. Cleland, J.-L. Fraikin, P. Meinhold, F.M. Monzon, American Laboratory, Monday June 20, 2016.

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Webinars


Webinar 1: A comprehensive half-hour webinar introducing the nCS1TM technology

Webinar 2: An in-depth discussion of false peaks and the challenges of data interpretation

Webinar 3: Control your experiments – why particle concentrations matter

Webinar 4: SelectBio/Spectradyne Webinar: When every extracellular vesicle counts

Webinar 5: SelectBio/Spectradyne Webinar: Fast and accurate virus quantification including SARS-COV-2

Webinar 6: SelectBio/Spectradyne Webinar: Lipid nanoparticle characterization

Webinar 7: SelectBio/Spectradyne Webinar: Technology deep dive

Webinar 8: Sanyo Trading/Spectradyne Webinar: Cutting-edge particle analysis technology

Webinar 9: SelectBio/Spectradyne: EV applications of Spectradyne’s nCS1

Webinar 10: Spectradyne/SelectBio present a deep technology dive into Spectradyne’s ARCTM instrument, sharing best practices and providing real-world examples that illustrate the strengths of marrying MRPS with fluorescence tagging in a single system.

Webinar 11: ARC Insights – New examples of data created using Spectradyne’s ARC nanoparticle analyzer

Webinar 12: ARC EV Applications – EV Application Research using Spectradyne ARC

Webinar 13: LNP Webinar: Look beyond light scattering with the ARC particle analyzer

Webinar 14: The ARC particle analyzer for flow cytometry core shared resources.

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Application notes


Rapid bead-based isolation of exosomes for multiomic research with Spectradyne’s nCS1 and ARC
Provides an example of using the nCS1 and ARC in analyzing the cargo of exosomes isolated from liquid biopsies to enable researchers to gain insight into cancer progression and drug resistance. (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 2023)

Spectradyne’s ARC: Quantifying internal cargo in complex samples
Provides an example of using the ARC to quantify encapsulated nanoparticle payloads in adenovirus, measured in the presence and absence of extracellular vesicles. (Spectradyne LLC, 2023)

Spectradyne’s nCS1: Fast and accurate quantification of extracellular vesicles.
Provides a discussion of how Spectradyne’s nCS1 can provide fast and accurate measurements of EVs in solution. (Spectradyne LLC, 2019)

Spectradyne’s nanoparticle analyzer technology.
Provides an overview description of how Spectradyne’s unique microfluidic technology is applied to nanoparticle analysis. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Gene therapy and nanomedicine applications for Spectradyne’s nCS1TM.
Spectradyne’s nCS1 provides accurate quantification of gene therapy vectors and nanomedicines, critical at all stages of research and product development, using only 3 microliters of analyte. (Spectradyne LLC, 2019)

Analysis of extracellular vesicles using the nCS1TM.
Describes the measurements that can be made to characterize extracellular vesicles using Spectradyne’s nanoparticle analysis instrumentation. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

A head-to-head comparison: Spectradyne’s nCS1TM vs optical tracking and dynamic light scattering.
Provides an in-depth comparison between resistive pulse sensing, dynamic light scattering, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Early detection of protein aggregates with the nCS1TM.
Spectradyne’s nCS1TM provides an early warning system for protein aggregation through its ability to detect small protein aggregates.(Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

Nanomedicine and synthetic particles for targeted drug delivery.
Applications of the Spectradyne nCS1TM to the measurement of synthetic nanoparticles to nanomedicine. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Nanoparticle measurements of arbitrarily polydisperse mixtures.
Shows how Spectradyne’s technology yields accurate measurements of broad particle distributions, unlike optically-based techniques. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Measurement of all nanoparticle material types.
Discusses how Spectradyne’s technology yields materials-independent measurements of nanoparticles made of gold, polystyrene, or other organic and inorganic materials. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Nanoparticle analysis of protein aggregates in biologics.
Shows how Spectradyne’s technology can be used to detect protein aggregation in medicine and biology. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

The Spectradyne nCS1TM: Instrument capabilities.
Summary of the instrument specifications for Spectradyne’s nCS1TM. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Measurement of biological nanoparticles: Direct quantification of bacteriophage.
Shows how Spectradyne’s microfluidic instrumentation enables the detection and size analysis of individual virus. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Measuring cleanliness of fluids using the nCS1TM.
Shows how Spectradyne’s nCS1TM can be used to monitor the cleanliness of fluids with very low background counts of nanoparticles. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

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Technical briefs


An introduction to microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS).
We describe the basic concepts and implementation for using resistive pulse sensing (aka Coulter counting) in a microfluidic format. (Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

Spectradyne’s nCS1 – Dynamic concentration analysis – an improved method for analyzing particle concentrations
How Spectradyne’s nCS1TM uses particle-size specific, user-defined selectors to evaluate particle concentrations. (Spectradyne LLC, 2022)

Spectradyne’s nCS1 – broad dynamic range for broad utility
How Spectradyne’s nCS1TM delivers broad dynamic range in particle size for broader use. (Spectradyne LLC, 2019)

Spectradyne’s methodology for assigning uncertainties to its concentration vs. particle size analysis.
Spectradyne, unlike most other particle sizing companies, provides error bars for the concentrations we report from our measurements. These uncertainties reflect the counting statistics resulting from our single-particle measurement technique. This technical brief explains the connection between our error bars and the counting statistics. (Spectradyne LLC, 2020)

Microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) cartridge features.
We describe the features and design principles of the microfluidic cartridges at the heart of our microfluidic technology. (Spectradyne LLC, 2019)

NTA shows poor performance in polydisperse mixtures.
Nanoparticle tracking analysis’ limit of detection depends on sample composition, demonstrated by comparative measurements using an NTA instrument and Spectradyne’s nCS1TM. (Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

Where’s my peak? Dynamic light scattering vs. resistive pulse sensing.
An objective comparison of resistive pulse sensing and dynamic light scattering, showing how DLS can report incorrect distributions, especially of broad nanoparticle distributions. (Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

DLS results strongly dependent on particle material.
We describe a significant limitation that dynamic light scattering (DLS) suffers from, due to the different optical response of different materials, and how microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) is immune to this handicap. (Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

Where’s my peak? Nanoparticle tracking analysis vs. resistive pulse sensing.
An objective comparison of resistive pulse sensing and nanoparticle tracking analysis, showing how DLS can report incorrect distributions, especially of broad nanoparticle distributions. (Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

Nanoparticle measurements are unaffected by sample viscosity.
Quantitative measurements of calibration beads in solutions with large differences in viscosity show no discernable difference in particle size or concentration, showing the power of resistive pulse sensing compared to optical techniques. (Spectradyne LLC, 2017)

The nCS1 cartridges are unaffected by aging.
Quantitative calibrations of a set of nCS1 cartridges measured over time show no measurable change in measurement results, indicating that the microfluidic cartriges used in the nCS1 do not degrade with time. (Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

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Posters


Single-particle phenotyping, accurate concentration and size
2022 ISEVxTech – EV Technology & Methods Summit (Waikiki HI)

Submicron protein aggregation measurements for early assessment of formulation instability
2020 PepTalk – the Protein Science Week (San Diego CA)

Simulation of label-free PK evaluation of nanoparticles in complex media
2019 Applied Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (Boston MA)

Microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) measurements of EVs and EV standards
2019 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (Kyoto Japan)

The importance of orthogonal techniques in EV quantification
2019 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (Kyoto Japan)

Where’s my peak? Separating truth from fiction in measurements of nanoparticles
2018 Colorado Protein Stability Workshop (Breckenridge CO)

Analysis of exosome concentration in blastocyst culture media by Microfluidic Resistive Pulse Sensing (MRPSTM) correlates with embryo implantation capacity: A pilot study
2018 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles ISEV2018 (Barcelona Spain)

Where’s my peak? Separating truth from fiction in label-free measurements of EVs
2018 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles ISEV2018 (Barcelona Spain)

Microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPSTM) validated as a rapid and practical method for evaluating EV enrichment techniques
2018 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles ISEV2018 (Barcelona Spain)

Where’s my peak? Separating truth from fiction in label-free measurements of EVs
2018 Circulating Biomarkers World Congress (Boston MA)

Resistive pulse sensing (RPS) for high-resolution measurement of polydisperse nanoparticle formulations
2017 AAPS National Biotechnology Conference (San Diego CA)

Validation of the resistive pulse sensing method for characterizing nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery
2016 AAPS National Biotechnology Conference (Boston MA)

High resolution size and concentration analysis of polydisperse nanoparticle mixtures
2015 AAPS National Biotechnology Conference (Los Angeles CA)

High resolution nanoparticle size & concentration measurements by microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS)
2017 Colorado Protein Stability Workshop (Breckenridge CO)

Validation of resistive pulse sensing for characterizing nanoparticles in drug formulations
2017 Controlled Release Society (Boston MA)

Measurement of protein aggregates in the 150 nm to 1,500 nm size range using resistive pulse sensing
2017 AAPS Northeast Regional Discussion Group (Hartford CT)

A Low-cost instrument for rapid sub-micron particle size and concentration measurements
2016 NSF Phase II SBIR/STTR Grantees Conference (Atlanta GA)

Validation of the resistive pulse method for characterizing nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery
2016 Workshop on Protein Aggregation and Immunogenicity (Breckenridge CO)

Validation of the resistive pulse sensing method for characterizing nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery
2016 International Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Symposium (Baltimore MD)

High resolution size and concentration analysis of polydisperse nanoparticle mixtures
2015 American Chemical Society National Meeting (Boston MA)

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Videos


Spectradyne Videos: Spectradyne and SelectBio present a deep technology dive into Spectradyne’s ARCTM instrument, sharing best practices and providing real-world examples that illustrate the strengths of marrying MRPS with fluorescence tagging in a single system.

Spectradyne Videos: A virtual demonstration of Spectradyne’s ARCTM instrument

Spectradyne Videos: An overview of Spectradyne’s ARCTM technology

Spectradyne Videos: Spectradyne’s product launch of the ARCTM fluorescence-based particle analyzer

Spectradyne Videos: An in-depth introduction to Spectradyne’s nCS1TM instrument

Spectradyne Videos: Spectradyne presents at SelectBio Europe 2022: Trends in Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Characterization Technologies

Spectradyne Videos: Spectradyne presents at SelectBio EVs 2021: Insights into EV Characterization Technologies

Spectradyne Videos: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes: Diagnostics, delivery, therapeutics (a presentation at Circulating Biomarkers 2021)

Spectradyne Videos: A demonstration of Spectradyne’s technology

Spectradyne Videos: Calibration and verification of nanoparticle analyzers

Spectradyne Videos: Examples of concentration measurements made with the nCS1TM

Spectradyne Videos: Examples of multiple data set comparisons using Spectradyne’s software

Spectradyne Videos: Spectradyne presents at ISEV Infectious Diseases 2021: Rapid viral titer using MRPS

Spectradyne Videos: Learn about Spectradyne’s disposable cartridge technology

Spectradyne Videos: A presentation at the Virtual 2020 AIChE Annual Meeting

Spectradyne Videos: A presentation at the 2017 Precision NanoSystems Symposium in Boston MA


Tutorial videos


Spectradyne Videos: An introduction to Spectradyne’s ViewerTM software

Spectradyne Videos: Using Spectradyne’s ViewerTM software for peak filtering

Spectradyne Videos: Using Spectradyne’s ViewerTM software for quantifying and rescaling data

Spectradyne Videos: How to customize and save plots in Spectradyne’s ViewerTM software

Spectradyne Videos: How to use the Background Subtract mode in Spectradyne’s ViewerTM software

Spectradyne Videos: Save, export and subtract CSD files in Spectradyne’s ViewerTM software

Spectradyne Videos: An overview of how to interpret nCS1TM raw data files

Spectradyne Videos: Recognizing samples with too high concentrations

Spectradyne Videos: An overview of how to load cartridges in the nCS1

Spectradyne Videos: An overview of how to load cartridges in the nCS2 and ARC

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EveryDayTM Series


Every once in a while, we play around in the lab and generate data for what we call our EveryDayTM series: Measurements of commonplace materials that have interesting results. Here are a couple of examples:


Press releases


Read Spectradyne’s press releases

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Spectradyne newsletters


Spectradyne now publishes its newsletter on-line, starting with Issue #3. You can find Spectradyne’s newsletters linked below.

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