Spectradyne Library

Refereed journal articles

"An efficient microinjection method to generate human anaplasmosis agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected ticks"
A collaboration between Hameeda Sultana's and Girish Neelakanta's groups at Old Dominion University describe using Spectradyne's nCS1 to generate a human anaplasmosis agent from infected ticks.
V. Taank, E. Ramasamy, H. Sultana, G. Neelakanta, "An efficient microinjection method to generate human anaplasmosis agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected ticks," Sci. Rept. 10, 15994 (2020)
doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73061-9

"Discovery of Exosomes From Tick Saliva and Salivary Glands Reveals Therapeutic Roles for CXCL12 and IL-8 in Wound Healing at the Tick-Human Skin Interface"
A paper from Hameeda Sultana's group at Old Dominion University describing using Spectradyne's nCS1 as part of a study of exosomes from tick saliva and tick salivary glands.
W. Zhou, F. Tahir, J. C.-Y. Wang, M. Woodson, M. B. Sherman, S. Karim, G. Neelakanta, H. Sultana, "Discovery of Exosomes From Tick Saliva and Salivary Glands Reveals Therapeutic Roles for CXCL12 and IL-8 in Wound Healing at the Tick-Human Skin Interface," Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 8, 554 (2020)
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00554

"Particle Size Distribution of Bimodal Silica Nanoparticles: A Comparison of Different Measurement Techniques"
A paper from Zoltan Varga's group at the Hungarian Academy of Science describing complementary methods for measuring silica nanoparticles.
M. A. Al-Khafaji, A. Gaal, A. Wacha , A. Bota, Z. Varga, "Particle Size Distribution of Bimodal Silica Nanoparticles: A Comparison of Different Measurement Techniques," Materials 13, 3101 (2020)
doi.org/10.3390/ma13143101

"Rapid scale-up and production of active-loaded PEGylated liposomes"
A paper describing use of the nCS1 to characterize liposomes for activated drug delivery.
C. B. Roces, E. C. Port, N. N. Daskalakis, J. A. Watts, J. W. Aylott, G. W. Halbert, Y. Perrie, "Rapid scale-up and production of active-loaded PEGylated liposomes," Intl. J. Pharmaceutics 586, 119586 (2020)
doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119566

"Reagent-free total protein quantification of intact extracellular vesicles by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy"
A paper from Zoltan Varga's group at the Hungarian Academy of Science describes how the Spectradyne's nCS1^TM is used in quantifying extracellular vesicles, combined with infrared spectroscopy.
V. Szentirmai, A. Wacha, C. Nemeth, D. Kitka, A. Racz, K. Heberger, J. Mihaly, Z. Varga, "Reagent-free total protein quantification of intact extracellular vesicles by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy," Anal. Bioanal. Chem. (2020)
doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02711-8

"Submicrometer, micrometer and visible particle analysis in biopharmaceutical research and development"
A book chapter describing a range of different techniques for characterizing sub-micron, micron-scale and visible particles for pharmaceutical research.
A. Hawe, D. Weinbuch, S. Zolls, A. Reichel, J. F. Carpenter, "Submicrometer, micrometer and visible particle analysis in biopharmaceutical research and development," in Biophysical Characterization of Proteins in Developing Biopharmaceuticals (Second Edition), (Elsevier 2020) p. 285-310.
doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64173-1.00010-X

"Biophysical analysis of lipidic nanoparticles"
A paper discussing the characterization of lipid nanoparticles.
A. J. Rozoa, M. H. Coxa, A. Devitta, A. J. Rothniea, A. D. Goddard, "Biophysical analysis of lipidic nanoparticles," Methods
doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.001

"Development and In Vivo Application of a Water-Soluble Anticancer Copper Ionophore System Using a Temperature-Sensitive Liposome Formulation"
A paper from Zoltan Varga's group at the Hungarian Academy of Science describes how the Spectradyne's nCS1^TM is used in the development of cancer drug-carrying liposomes which are tested in animals.
A. Gaal, T. M. Garay, I. Horvath, D. Mathe, D. Szollosi, D. S. Veres, J. Mbuotidem, T. Kovacs, J. Tovari, R. Bergmann, C. Streli, G. Szakacs, J. Mihaly, Z. Varga, N. Szoboszlai, "Development and In Vivo Application of a Water-Soluble Anticancer Copper Ionophore System Using a Temperature-Sensitive Liposome Formulation," Pharmaceutics 12, 466 (2020)
doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050466

"Size Measurement of Extracellular Vesicles and Synthetic Liposomes: The Impact of the Hydration Shell and the Protein Corona"
A paper from Zoltan Varga's group at the Hungarian Academy of Science and Spectradyne reporting measurements of extracellular vesicles using Spectradyne's nCS1^TM. This paper describes how novel non-optical methods are used to characterize the size of EVs and liposomes. Size measurements from light scattering and microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) reveal the thickness of the hydration layer.
Z. Varga, B. Fehera, D. Kitka, A. Wacha, A. Bota, S. Berenyi, V. Pipich, J.-L. Fraikin, "Size Measurement of Extracellular Vesicles and Synthetic Liposomes: The Impact of the Hydration Shell and the Protein Corona," Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces (in press, 2020)
doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111053

"Release of extracellular vesicle miR-494-3p by ARPE-19 cells with impaired mitochondria"
A third-party paper including extracellular vesicle analysis using Spectradyne's nCS1^TM. This paper describes the investigation and measurement of the size and concentration of EVs released by modified ARPE-19 cells with impaired mitochondria, with implications for macular degeneration.
J.Y. Ahn, S. Datta, E. Bandeira, M. Cano, E. Mallick, U. Rai, B. Powell, J. Tian, K.W. Witwer, J.T. Handa, M.E. Paulaitis, "Release of extracellular vesicle miR-494-3p by ARPE-19 cells with impaired mitochondria," BBA - General Subjects (in press, 2020)
doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129598

"Chiral Supraparticles for Controllable Nanomedicine"
A third-party paper including nanoparticle analysis using Spectradyne's nCS1^TM. This paper describes the investigation and measurement of chiral supraparticles with applications to drug delivery systems, tumor detection markers, biosensors, and other biomaterial-based devices.
J. Yeom, P. P. G. Guimaraes, H. M. Ahn, B.-K. Jung, Q. Hu, K. McHugh, M. J. Mitchell, C.-O. Yun, R. Langer, A. Jaklenec, "Chiral Supraparticles for Controllable Nanomedicine," Advanced Materials 32, 1903878 (2019)
doi: 10.1002/adma.201903878

"Extracellular Vesicles From Auditory Cells as Nanocarriers for Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Pro-resolving Mediators"
A third-party paper including particle analysis using Spectradyne's nCS1^TM of extracellular vesicles from auditory cells as carriers for drugs and mediators. Provides an excellent discussion of the technology, includes comparisons of MRPS technology to NTA, and MRPS reveals interesting data about the samples.
G. M. Kalinec, L. Gao, W. Cohn, J. P. Whitelegge, K. F. Faull, F. Kalinec, "Extracellular Vesicles From Auditory Cells as Nanocarriers for Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Pro-resolving Mediators," Front. Cell. Neurosci. 13, 530 (2019)
doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00530

"Contribution of Intravenous Administration Components to Subvisible and Submicron Particles Present in Administered Drug Product"
A third-party paper describing measurement of subvisible and submicron particles and their response to adminstration components.
M. Pollo, A. Mehta, K. Torres, D. Thorne, D. Zimmermann, P. Kolhe, "Contribution of Intravenous Administration Components to Subvisible and Submicron Particles Present in Administered Drug Product," J. Pharm. Sci. 108, 2406-2414 (2019)
doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.020

"Detection and phenotyping of extracellular vesicles by size exclusion chromatography coupled with on-line fluorescence detection"
A third-party paper including extracellular vesicle analysis using Spectradyne's nCS1^TM This paper describes the development of a new technology combining size exclusion chromatography (SEC), a commonly used EV purification technique, with fluorescence detection of specifically labeled EVs.
D. Kitka, J. Mihaly, J.-L. Fraikin, T. Beke-Somfai, and Z. Varga, "Detection and phenotyping of extracellular vesicles by size exclusion chromatography coupled with on-line fluorescence detection," Sci. Reports 9, 19868 (2019)
doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56375-1

"Characterisation of particles in solution - a perspective on light scattering and comparative technologies"
A third-party paper using Spectradyne's nCS1 compared to light-scattering techniques to characterize particles in solution.
C. M. Maguire, M. Rosslein, P. Wick, A. Prina-Mello, "Characterisation of particles in solution - a perspective on light scattering and comparative technologies," Sci. Tech. Adv. Matls., 19, 732-745 (2018)
doi:10.1080/14686996.2018.1517587

"Nanosensors for the Chemical Imaging of Acetylcholine Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging"
A third-party paper using Spectradyne's nCS1 to characterize the concentration of nanoparticles to be used as nanosensors.
Y. Luo, E. H. Kim, C. A. Flask, H. A. Clark, "Nanosensors for the Chemical Imaging of Acetylcholine Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging," ACS Nano 12, 5761-5773 (2018)
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01640

"Critical evaluation of microfluidic resistive pulse sensing for quantification and sizing of nanometer- and micrometer-sized particles in biopharmaceutical products"
A third-party paper evaluating resistive pulse sensing for particle analysis in pharmaceutical applications.
A. D. Grabarek, D. Weinbuch, W. Jiskoot, A. Hawe, J. Pharm. Sci. 108, 563-573 (2018)
doi: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.020

"Submicron Protein Particle Characterization using Resistive Pulse Sensing and Conventional Light Scattering Based Approaches"
A third-party paper comparing resistive pulse sensing and conventional light scattering for sub-micron protein particles.
G. V. Barnett, J. M. Perhacs, T. K. Das, S. R. Kar, Pharm. Res. 35, 58 (2018)
doi: 10.1007/s11095-017-2306-0

"Hollow organosilica beads as reference particles for optical detection of extracellular vesicles"
A publication describing the calibration of hollow organosilica beads as references for extracellular vesicle characterization.
Z. Varga, E. Van Der Pol, M. Palmai, R. Garcia-Diez, C. Gollwitzer, M. Krumrey, J.-L. Fraikin, A. Gasecka, N. Hajji, T. G. Van Leeuwen, R. Nieuwland, J. Thrombosis and Haeomostasis 16, 1646-1655 (2018)
doi: 10.1111/jth.14193

"Size and concentration determination of extracellular vesicles as small as 50 nm in diameter at a rate beyond 10,000 EV/s"
A symposium presentations describing the use of Spectradyne's nCS1 for evaluating extracellular vesicles.
J.-L. Fraikin, L. de Rond, C. Hau, F. Monzon, E. van der Pol, ISEV 2017 proceedings, May 17, 2017.
https://search.proquest.com/openview/892d4921e65a6105e2cc30919e5104dd/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2030046

"A high-throughput label-free nanoparticle analyser."
A publication describing the basic technology on which Spectradyne's unique implementation of resistive pulse sensing is based.
J.-L. Fraikin, T. Teesalu, C.M. McKenney, E. Ruoslahti and A.N. Cleland, Nature Nanotechnology 6, 308-313 (2011)
doi: 10.1038/nnano.2011.24

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Trade journal articles

"Accurate measurements of biological nanoparticles."
A comparative review of resistive pulse sensing and other techniques for measurements of biological nanoparticles.
Brian Miller (Meritics Ltd.), in LabMate September 6, 2018.

"Key considerations for accurate quantification of sub-micron particles in pharmaceuticals."
A review of the issues involved in quantifying sub-micron particles in pharmaceutical formulations.
Jean-Luc Fraikin, in On Drug Delivery issue 89 (August 2018).

"One size does not fit all: Nanoparticle size analysis for nanomedicine applications."
A publication describing an overview for the application of Spectradyne's nCS1^TM to detection and characterization of nanoparticles in nanomedicine.
A.N. Cleland, J.-L. Fraikin, P. Meinhold, F.M. Monzon, Drug Development and Delivery 6, 20 (April 2016).

"Quantitative nanoparticle analysis based on resistive pulse sensing."
An overview of resistive pulse sensing and its application to nanoparticle analysis.
A.N. Cleland, J.-L. Fraikin, P. Meinhold, F.M. Monzon, American Laboratory, Monday June 20, 2016.

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Webinars

Webinar 1: A comprehensive half-hour webinar introducing the nCS1^TM technology

Webinar 2: An in-depth discussion of false peaks and the challenges of data interpretation

Webinar 3: Control your experiments - why particle concentrations matter

Webinar 4: SelectBio/Spectradyne Webinar: When Every Extracellular Vesicle Counts

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Application notes

Spectradyne's nCS1: Fast and accurate quantification of extracellular vesicles.
Provides a discussion of how Spectradyne's nCS1 can provide fast and accurate measurements of EVs in solution. (Spectradyne LLC, 2019)

Spectradyne's nanoparticle analyzer technology.
Provides an overview description of how Spectradyne's unique microfluidic technology is applied to nanoparticle analysis. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Gene therapy and nanomedicine applications for Spectradyne's nCS1^TM.
Spectradyne's nCS1 provides accurate quantification of gene therapy vectors and nanomedicines, critical at all stages of research and product development, using only 3 microliters of analyte. (Spectradyne LLC, 2019)

Analysis of extracellular vesicles using the nCS1^TM.
Describes the measurements that can be made to characterize extracellular vesicles using Spectradyne's nanoparticle analysis instrumentation. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

A head-to-head comparison: Spectradyne's nCS1^TM vs optical tracking and dynamic light scattering.
Provides an in-depth comparison between resistive pulse sensing, dynamic light scattering, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Early detection of protein aggregates with the nCS1^TM.
Spectradyne's nCS1^TM provides an early warning system for protein aggregation through its ability to detect small protein aggregates.(Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

Nanomedicine and synthetic particles for targeted drug delivery.
Applications of the Spectradyne nCS1^TM to the measurement of synthetic nanoparticles to nanomedicine. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Nanoparticle measurements of arbitrarily polydisperse mixtures.
Shows how Spectradyne's technology yields accurate measurements of broad particle distributions, unlike optically-based techniques. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Measurement of all nanoparticle material types.
Discusses how Spectradyne's technology yields materials-independent measurements of nanoparticles made of gold, polystyrene, or other organic and inorganic materials. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Nanoparticle analysis of protein aggregates in biologics.
Shows how Spectradyne's technology can be used to detect protein aggregation in medicine and biology. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

The Spectradyne nCS1^TM: Instrument capabilities.
Summary of the instrument specifications for Spectradyne's nCS1^TM. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Measurement of biological nanoparticles: Direct quantification of bacteriophage.
Shows how Spectradyne's microfluidic instrumentation enables the detection and size analysis of individual virus. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

Measuring cleanliness of fluids using the nCS1^TM.
Shows how Spectradyne's nCS1^TM can be used to monitor the cleanliness of fluids with very low background counts of nanoparticles. (Spectradyne LLC, 2016)

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Technical Briefs

An introduction to microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS).
We describe the basic concepts and implementation for using resistive pulse sensing (aka Coulter counting) in a microfluidic format. (Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

Spectradyne's nCS1 - Broad Dynamic Range for Broad Utility
How Spectradyne's nCS1^TM delivers broad dynamic range in particle size for broader use. (Spectradyne LLC, 2019)

Spectradyne's methodology for assigning uncertainties to its concentration vs. particle size analysis.
Spectradyne, unlike most other particle sizing companies, provides error bars for the concentrations we report from our measurements. These uncertainties reflect the counting statistics resulting from our single-particle measurement technique. This technical brief explains the connection between our error bars and the counting statistics. (Spectradyne LLC, 2020)

Microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) cartridge features.
We describe the features and design principles of the microfluidic cartridges at the heart of our microfluidic technology. (Spectradyne LLC, 2019)

NTA shows poor performance in polydisperse mixtures.
Nanoparticle tracking analysis' limit of detection depends on sample composition, demonstrated by comparative measurements using an NTA instrument and Spectradyne's nCS1^TM. (Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

Where's my peak? Dynamic light scattering vs. resistive pulse sensing.
An objective comparison of resistive pulse sensing and dynamic light scattering, showing how DLS can report incorrect distributions, especially of broad nanoparticle distributions. (Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

DLS results strongly dependent on particle material.
We describe a significant limitation that dynamic light scattering (DLS) suffers from, due to the different optical response of different materials, and how microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) is immune to this handicap. (Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

Where's my peak? Nanoparticle tracking analysis vs. resistive pulse sensing.
An objective comparison of resistive pulse sensing and nanoparticle tracking analysis, showing how DLS can report incorrect distributions, especially of broad nanoparticle distributions. (Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

Nanoparticle measurements are unaffected by sample viscosity.
Quantitative measurements of calibration beads in solutions with large differences in viscosity show no discernable difference in particle size or concentration, showing the power of resistive pulse sensing compared to optical techniques. (Spectradyne LLC, 2017)

The nCS1 cartridges are unaffected by aging.
Quantitative calibrations of a set of nCS1 cartridges measured over time show no measurable change in measurement results, indicating that the microfluidic cartriges used in the nCS1 do not degrade with time. (Spectradyne LLC, 2018)

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Posters

Submicron Protein Aggregation Measurements for Early Assessment of Formulation Instability
2020 PepTalk - the Protein Science Week (San Diego CA)

Simulation of Label-Free PK Evaluation of Nanoparticles in Complex Media
2019 Applied Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (Boston MA)

Microfluidic Resistive Pulse Sensing (MRPS) Measurements of EVs and EV Standards
2019 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (Kyoto Japan)

The Importance of Orthogonal Techniques in EV Quantification
2019 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (Kyoto Japan)

Where's My Peak? Separating Truth from Fiction in Measurements of Nanoparticles
2018 Colorado Protein Stability Workshop (Breckenridge CO)

Analysis of exosome concentration in blastocyst culture media by Microfluidic Resistive Pulse Sensing (MRPS^TM) correlates with embryo implantation capacity: A pilot study
2018 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles ISEV2018 (Barcelona Spain)

Where's my Peak? Separating Truth from Fiction in Label-Free Measurements of EVs
2018 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles ISEV2018 (Barcelona Spain)

Microfluidic Resistive Pulse Sensing (MRPS^TM) validated as a rapid and practical method for evaluating EV enrichment techniques
2018 International Society for Extracellular Vesicles ISEV2018 (Barcelona Spain)

Where's my Peak? Separating Truth from Fiction in Label-Free Measurements of EVs
2018 Circulating Biomarkers World Congress (Boston MA)

Resistive Pulse Sensing (RPS) for High-Resolution Measurement of Polydisperse Nanoparticle Formulations
2017 AAPS National Biotechnology Conference (San Diego CA)

Validation of the Resistive Pulse Sensing Method for Characterizing Nanoparticle Formulations for Drug Delivery
2016 AAPS National Biotechnology Conference (Boston MA)

High Resolution Size and Concentration Analysis of Polydisperse Nanoparticle Mixtures
2015 AAPS National Biotechnology Conference (Los Angeles CA)

High Resolution Nanoparticle Size & Concentration Measurements by Microfluidic Resistive Pulse Sensing
2017 Colorado Protein Stability Workshop (Breckenridge CO)

Validation of Resistive Pulse Sensing for Characterizing Nanoparticles in Drug Formulations
2017 Controlled Release Society (Boston MA)

Measurement of Protein Aggregates in the 150 nm to 1,500 nm Size Range Using Resistive Pulse Sensing
2017 AAPS Northeast Regional Discussion Group (Hartford CT)

A Low-cost Instrument for Rapid Sub-micron Particle Size and Concentration Measurement
2016 NSF Phase II SBIR/STTR Grantees Conference (Atlanta GA)

Validation of the Resistive Pulse Method for Characterizing Nanoparticle Formulations for Drug Delivery
2016 Workshop on Protein Aggregation and Immunogenicity (Breckenridge CO)

Validation of the Resistive Pulse Sensing Method for Characterizing Nanoparticle Formulations for Drug Delivery
2016 International Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Symposium (Baltimore MD)

High Resolution Size and Concentration Analysis of Polydisperse Nanoparticle Mixtures
2015 American Chemical Society National Meeting (Boston MA)

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Videos

Spectradyne Videos: An overview of Spectradyne's nCS1^TM instrument

Spectradyne Videos: A demonstration of Spectradyne's technology

Spectradyne Videos: Learn about Spectradyne's disposable cartridge technology

Spectradyne Videos: How to measure concentration using the nCS1^TM software

Spectradyne Videos: Comparing multiple data sets in Viewer^TM software

Spectradyne Videos: A presentation at the Virtual 2020 AIChE Annual Meeting

Spectradyne Videos: A presentation at the 2017 Precision NanoSystems Symposium in Boston MA

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EveryDay^TM Series

Every once in a while, we play around in the lab and generate data for what we call our EveryDay^TM series: Measurements of commonplace materials that have interesting results. Here are a couple of examples:

• EveryDay^TM nanoparticle analysis of soju and saké
• EveryDay^TM nanoparticle analysis of saline

Press Releases

Read Spectradyne's press releases

• Measurement-as-a-service, a new initiative with our partner Particle Technology Labs (2018).
• Spectradyne announces the award of an NSF Phase IIB award (2018).
• Spectradyne announces the award of a prestigious NSF TECP award (2017).

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Spectradyne Newsletters

Spectradyne now publishes its newsletter on-line, starting with Issue #3. You can find Spectradyne's newsletters linked below.

• Spectradyne Newsletter #10 (December 2020)
• Spectradyne Newsletter #9 (October 2020)
• Spectradyne Newsletter #8 (July 2020)
• Spectradyne Newsletter #7 (March 2020)
• Spectradyne Newsletter #6 (November 2018)
• Spectradyne Newsletter #5 (July 2018)
• Spectradyne Newsletter #4 (December 2017)
• Spectradyne Newsletter #3 (September 2017)
• Spectradyne newsletters prior to #3 are not posted on the web

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